Practice IBPS PO 2024 Prelims English PYQ – 19 Oct 2024 Shift 3 (30 Questions with Solutions)

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

(I) Project complexity often increases with scale.

(II) ESG frameworks require banks to avoid high-return projects.

(III) Infrastructure growth may conflict with social stability.

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Based on the passage, which of the following best explains why banks feel justified in financing massive infrastructure projects despite criticism?

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

What is the best synonym for the word “increasing” as used in the passage?

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?

(I) Banks continue investing in infrastructure projects despite receiving criticism.

(II) Maintenance and operational issues in large-scale projects have been completely resolved.

(III) Large infrastructure projects carry the risk of delays and cost overruns.

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Which of the following is most likely a reason why environmental groups oppose current infrastructure expansion?

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT according to the passage?

(I) Banks consider infrastructure investment as a contributor to economic development.

(II) ESG frameworks completely eliminate all risks associated with bank-financed projects.

(III) Banks continue to support large-scale projects despite facing public criticism.

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the need for stricter ESG frameworks?

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

What is the best synonym for the word “size” as used in “project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight”?

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

What is the best antonym for the word “complexity” as used in the passage?

Read the following passage and answer the given questions based on it.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number and size of infrastructure projects financed by commercial and development banks across both emerging and developed economies. This trend is most visible in sectors such as renewable energy, urban transportation, and digital connectivity. As these projects grow in scale and complexity, banks are under pressure to ensure that their investments are not only profitable but also ______________ and socially responsible.

A report published by the International Banking Alliance in 2024 indicated that over $600 billion in project finance was disbursed globally—an increasing figure when compared to the $480 billion recorded just three years earlier. However, this expansion has sparked concerns among environmental groups and economic watchdogs. Critics argue that the rapid escalation in project size can lead to a lack of regulatory oversight, especially when banks partner with governments that have weak institutional frameworks.

Moreover, larger projects carry a higher risk of cost overruns, delays, and unintended social consequences such as displacement of communities. To address this, several international banks have adopted stricter Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) frameworks, requiring comprehensive impact assessments before approving funding. These frameworks emphasize transparency, ethical procurement, and stakeholder consultation, especially in areas where local populations may be affected. One emerging area of concern is the long-term maintenance and operational sustainability of such projects. As banks pour resources into massive infrastructure schemes, questions arise about who will manage, monitor, and repair them over time—especially in politically unstable regions. This adds another layer of financial and social risk that institutions must now anticipate and account for. Despite the criticisms, banks defend their role by emphasizing the developmental impact of such projects. They claim that increased investment in infrastructure fosters economic growth, creates jobs, and boosts regional integration. As countries aim to meet their climate and connectivity goals, the involvement of banks is not only inevitable but essential.

Still, as project sizes increase and scrutiny intensifies, a more balanced approach between growth and governance seems necessary. Ultimately, the way banks navigate these competing priorities may define their reputation and relevance in the coming decades.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill the blank given in the passage.